Rescue crews pulled a 10-day-old boy and his mother from the ruins of a collapsed building in Turkiye today and dug out several people in other sites four days after a huge earthquake wrought death and destruction across southern Turkiye and northwest Syria.

The confirmed death toll from the deadliest quake in the region in two decades stood at 21,000 in both countries.

Hundreds of thousands more people have been left homeless and short of food in bleak winter conditions, desperate for a multi-national relief effort to alleviate their suffering.

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad made his first reported trip to affected areas since the quake, visiting a hospital in Aleppo, state media reported. But the World Food Programme said it was running out of stocks in rebel-held northwest Syria.

Turkiye's President Tayyip Erdogan was also expected to tour the disaster zone in his country today amid criticism from survivors and political opponents that his government's response to the catastrophe was slow and poorly organised - accusations he rejects as he bids for re-election in May. That election may now be postponed due to the disaster.

In the Turkish city of Kahramanmaras, near the quake's epicentre, Friday prayers echoed over the devastated area, mixing with the din of extractors and generators powering the rescue operations.

Rescuers, including teams from dozens of countries, toiled through the night in the ruins of thousands of wrecked buildings. In freezing temperatures, they regularly called for silence as they listened for any sound of life from mangled concrete mounds.

In the Samandag district of Turkiye's Hatay province today, rescuers crouched under concrete slabs and whispering "insyaAllah" (God willing), carefully reached into the rubble and picked out a 10-day-old newborn.

His eyes wide open, baby Yagiz Ulas was wrapped in a thermal blanket and carried to a field hospital. Emergency workers also took away his mother, dazed and pale but conscious on a stretcher, video images showed.

In Diyarbakir to the east, Sebahat Varli, 32, and her son Serhat were rescued and taken to hospital this morning, 100 hours after the quake.

Across the border in Syria, rescuers from the White Helmets group used their hands to dig through plaster and cement until reaching the bare foot of a young girl, still wearing pink pyjamas, grimy but alive and free.

But hopes were fading that many more would be found alive.

In the Syrian town of Jandaris, Naser al-Wakaa sobbed as he sat on the pile of rubble and twisted metal that had been his family's home, burying his face in the baby clothes that had belonged to one of his children.

"Bilal, oh Bilal," he wailed, shouting the name of one of his dead children.

The death toll from the 7.8 magnitude earthquake and several powerful aftershocks across both countries has surpassed the more than 17,000 killed in 1999 when a similarly powerful earthquake hit northwest Turkiye.

It now ranks as the seventh most deadly natural disaster this century, ahead of Japan's 2011 tremor and tsunami and approaching the 31,000 killed by a quake in neighbouring Iran in 2003.

The death toll in Turkiye rose to 18,342 this morning and the number of injured stood at 74,242, the disaster management authority Afad said.

In Syria, more than 3,300 have been killed, though rescuers have said many more people remain under the rubble.

Some 24.4 million people in Syria and Turkiye have been affected, according to Turkish officials and the United Nations, in an area spanning roughly 450km from Adana in the west to Diyarbakir in the east. In Syria, people were killed as far south as Hama, 250km from the epicentre.

Many people have set up shelters in supermarket car parks, mosques, roadsides or amid the ruins. Survivors are often desperate for food, water and heat, and working toilets are sparse in hard-hit areas.

Political fallout

The disaster has cast doubt on whether the May 14 Turkish election, in which Erdogan is facing his toughest challenge in two decades in power, will go ahead on schedule.

With anger simmering over delays in the delivery of aid and getting the rescue effort underway, it is likely to play into the vote if it goes ahead. Erdogan has called for solidarity and condemned what he has described as "negative campaigns for political interest".

Kemal Kilicdaroglu, head of Turkiye's main opposition party, criticised the government's response.

"The earthquake was huge, but what was much bigger than the earthquake was the lack of coordination, lack of planning and incompetence," Kilicdaroglu said in a video statement.

Deep concern over northwest Syria

Relief efforts in Syria have been complicated by the 11-year-long civil war there. Syrians have voiced despair at the slow response including in areas controlled by Assad, who is shunned by the West.

Today, 14 trucks carrying humanitarian aid crossed into northern Syria from Turkiye, the International Organization for Migration in Geneva said. They carried electric heaters, tents, blankets and other items.

But the World Food Programme (WFP) said it was running out of stocks in northwest Syria, where 90 percent of the population depends on humanitarian assistance. It called for the opening of more border crossings from Turkiye.

The Syrian government, which is under Western sanctions, has appealed for UN aid while saying all assistance must be done in coordination with Damascus and delivered from within Syria, not across the Turkish border.

Damascus views the delivery of aid to rebel-held areas from Turkiye as a violation of its sovereignty.

The presidency shared images of Assad and his wife Asma visiting people in Aleppo who were injured in the quake.

- Reuters