Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei yesterday said that no one should dare think they can uproot the Islamic Republic, in his toughest warning to protesters since Mahsa Amini's death in police custody ignited nationwide unrest now in its fourth week.

Demonstrations by people from all walks of life, after the Iranian Kurdish woman's death following her arrest for "inappropriate attire", have evolved into widespread calls for the downfall of Khamenei and the Islamic Republic.

The protests mark one of the boldest challenges to clerical rule since the 1979 revolution, even if the unrest does not seem close to toppling the system.

Khamenei (above) compared the Islamic Republic to an unshakeable tree. "That seedling is a mighty tree now and no one should dare think they can uproot it," he said on state TV.

Some of the deadliest unrest has been in areas home to ethnic minorities with long-standing grievances against the state, including Kurds in the northwest and Baluchis in the southeast.

Rights groups say more than 200 people have been killed in the crackdown, including teenage girls.

Amnesty International said at least 23 children have died.

Police deployed heavily yesterday in the city of Dezful, a witness said, after activists called for protests in the predominantly ethnic Arab, oil-rich province of Khuzestan at the Iraqi border.

Social media videos show protesters chanting “Death to the dictator” in Ahvaz, capital of Khuzestan. Basij volunteer militia forces leading the crackdown on motorbikes were seen pushing people back.

"There are dozens of Basijis. Pushing protesters, beating them. Men, women are chanting 'We are Kurdistan, We are Lorestan'", a witness said, slogans that are meant to show solidarity among Iran's ethnic minorities.

There was heavy deployment of police and the Basij in Zahedan, the capital of Sistan-Baluchistan province at the border with Pakistan in the southeast, two witnesses said.

The activist 1500tasvir posted a video on Twitter that purported to show protesters marching in Zahedan. "Crimes, crimes, death to this religious leadership," they chanted, referring to Khamenei, who has been in power for 33 years.

Iran has blamed the violence on enemies at home and abroad, including armed separatists and Western powers. The authorities deny security forces have killed protesters. State TV reported at least 26 members of the security forces have been killed.

Deaths mount

Zahedan was the scene of one of the deadliest days yet on Sept 30 when Amnesty International said security forces killed at least 66 people in a crackdown after prayers.

The authorities said Baluchi militants attacked a police station that day, triggering a shootout. The Revolutionary Guards said five members of their forces and the Basij were killed.

Iran, with a population of 87 million, is home to seven major ethnic minorities alongside the majority Persians. Rights groups say minorities, including Kurds and Arabs, have long faced discrimination, which Iran denies.

A Revolutionary Guards major and a Basij militia were shot dead by "rioters" who were writing graffiti early yesterday in southern Fars province, state media reported.

Social media users reacted angrily to a video apparently showing a member of the riot police molesting a female protester in Tehran. Reuters could not verify the footage.

Ensiyeh Khazali, vice president for women’s affairs, called for a probe. Police said they would deal with anyone found accountable of a violation.

In the southwestern oil city of Abadan, some protesters were chanting "Death to the dictator" amid heavy presence of police and Basij, another witness said.

Security forces have also pressed their crackdown this week in Kurdish regions where the Revolutionary Guards have a track record of putting down dissent.

Late yesterday, security forces opened fire in the city of Bukan, injuring several protesters, rights group Hengaw said. Reuters could not verify the report.

Iran's Kurds are part of an ethnic minority spread between several regional states whose autonomy aspirations have also led to conflicts with authorities in Iraq, Syria and Turkey.

Along the Iranian-Iraqi border in southwest Iran is a population of some three million ethnic Arabs, predominantly Shiite Muslims. Some groups, emboldened by Iraqi Arabs across the border, have pressed for greater autonomy in recent years.

While many officials have struck an uncompromising tone, a top adviser to Khamenei was cited this week as questioning whether police should be enforcing headscarf-wearing - rare criticism of state efforts to impose the hijab.

Amini's death and the crackdown have drawn condemnation from the US and other Western powers, prompting new sanctions on Iranian officials and adding to tensions at a time when talks to revive a 2015 nuclear deal are at a standstill.

Iran's foreign minister spoke yesterday with the European Union's top diplomat Josep Borrell who earlier urged Tehran to stop the repression of protesters.

In a phone call, Hossein Amirabdollahian told Borrell that Iran allowed peaceful protests and its government enjoyed popular support and was stable, state media said. "Therefore, we recommend that Europeans look at the issue with a realistic approach," he said.

State television showed pro-government rallies in Tehran for the birthday of Prophet Mohammad, and called for chanting Islam's rallying cry of "Allahu Akbar" (God is Greatest) after dark on Saturday. Many protesters have chanted anti-government slogans from their homes at night.

- Reuters