Police arrested more than 1,400 protesters on Wednesday as several Russians took part in rallies organised by allies of hunger-striking Kremlin critic Alexei Navalny.
His spokeswoman was jailed for 10 days, and another close ally detained, on the same day that President Vladimir Putin delivered a state-of-the-nation speech warning the West not to cross Russia's "red lines" and pointedly made no mention of Navalny.