The ‘problem' of learning English by the Malays may be said to have resulted in a negation of political justice.

Apart from members of the ‘ruling class' who were educated at MCKK and a minority in urban schools, almost the entire community had been, and continues to be, ‘barred' from access to learning the language.

Colonial policy clearly enunciated that rural children should be taught in Malay to an educational level, sufficient only to enable them to function in rural occupations "better" than their fathers.