China has never forced debt upon participants of its new Silk Road project as "prejudiced" critics have suggested, the country's top diplomat said on Saturday.

In a strongly worded defence of President Xi Jinping's Belt and Road Initiative, as it is formally called, Communist Party's foreign affairs committee head Yang Jiechi said he had noted that some in the international community believed it was a geopolitical tool and would only bring debt traps for participating countries.

"This obviously shows a lack of objectivity and fair understanding of the Belt and Road initiative. It is a misunderstanding, misjudgement and is even prejudiced," wrote Yang in the Communist Party's official People's Daily.

China envisions rebuilding the old Silk Road to connect China with Asia, Europe and beyond with massive infrastructure spending.

But it has proved controversial in many Western capitals, particularly Washington, which views it as merely a means to spread Chinese influence abroad and saddle countries with unsustainable debt through nontransparent projects.

The United States has been particularly critical of Italy's decision to sign up to the plan this month, during Xi's visit to Rome, the first for a G7 nation.

China has stressed many times that the Belt and Road is to promote joint development, added Yang, a former foreign minister and ambassador to Washington.

"The Belt and Road is open, inclusive and transparent. It does not play little geopolitical games. It does not engage in the exclusion of exclusive small circles."

Yang noted that many countries, companies and ordinary people participating in the Belt and Road project had "publicly refuted rumours" about it being a debt trap.

Belt and Road projects, from their selection to their financing, go through careful risk assessments and the initiative's principles stress sustainable development, he said.

"For cooperative partners who have debt difficulties, China's principle is to appropriately resolve this through friendly consultations, and has never pushed or forced debt" on anyone, Yang added.

To date no participating country has faced a debt crisis - to the contrary many countries have been able to escape the "no development trap", he wrote.

China will hold its second Belt and Road summit in Beijing in late April.

Yang said almost 40 foreign leaders would take part, but did not name them.

Some of China's closest allies have already confirmed they will come, including Russian President Vladimir Putin, Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen. 

- Reuters