The suspended chief executive of Cambridge Analytica, Alexander Nix, said in a secretly recorded video broadcast in London yesterday that his UK-based political consultancy's online campaign played a decisive role in US President Donald Trump's 2016 election victory.

Nix’s comments, which could not be verified, are potentially a further problem for Facebook Inc as it faces the scrutiny of lawmakers in the United States and Europe over Cambridge Analytica's improper use of 50 million Facebook users' personal data to target voters.

The social media network's shares fell for a second yesterday, closing down 2.5 percent, as investors worried that its dealings with Cambridge Analytica might damage its reputation, deter advertisers and invite restrictive regulation. The company has lost US$60 billion (RM 235.6 billion) of its stock market value over the last two days.

Cambridge Analytica's board of directors suspended Nix yesterday, shortly before the second part of British broadcaster Channel 4's expose of the firm's methods.

In the programme, Nix describes questionable practices used to influence foreign elections and said his firm did all the research, analytics and targeting of voters for Trump's digital and TV campaigns. He also boasts he met Trump when he was the Republican presidential candidate "many times".

Nix’s comments "do not represent the values or operations of the firm and his suspension reflects the seriousness with which we view this violation," Cambridge Analytica said in a statement yesterday.

Brad Parscale, the 2016 Trump campaign’s main digital adviser who dealt regularly with Cambridge Analytica, did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Nix's claims.

Jared Kushner, Trump's son-in-law and now senior adviser, oversaw the Trump campaign's digital operations. One former Trump adviser said Kushner brought Cambridge Analytica into the 2016 campaign effort. Kushner's lawyer did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

US law bans foreigners from making contributions or spending money on behalf of a US election campaign but it was not illegal for the Trump campaign to retain Cambridge Analytica's services, according to Bradley Smith, a former Republican member of the US Federal Election Commission.

"The fact that they are a British company doesn’t add anything to the analysis unless they were giving their services away for free or charging below-market rates,” said Smith, now a professor at the Capital University Law School in Columbus, Ohio.

FTC review, lawsuit

US and European lawmakers have demanded an explanation of how Cambridge Analytica gained access to user data in 2014 and why Facebook failed to inform its users, raising broader industry questions about consumer privacy.

Facebook said it had been told by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the leading US consumer regulator, that it would receive a letter this week with questions about the data acquired by Cambridge Analytica. It said it had no indication of a formal investigation.

"The entire company is outraged we were deceived," Facebook said in a statement released in San Francisco yesterday. "We are committed to vigorously enforcing our policies to protect people’s information and will take whatever steps are required to see that this happens.”

The FTC is reviewing whether Facebook violated a 2011 consent decree it reached with the authority over its privacy practices, a person briefed on the matter told Reuters.

If the FTC finds Facebook violated terms of the consent decree, it has the power to fine the company thousands of dollars a day per violation, which could add up to billions of dollars.

Facebook was also hit in a San Francisco court yesterday by the first of what could be many lawsuits by shareholders claiming to suffer losses because the company misled them about its ability to protect user data. The company could also soon
face lawsuits on behalf of users whose personal information was exposed.

Facebook and its peers Alphabet Inc's Google and Twitter already face a backlash from users and lawmakers over their role during the US presidential election by allowing the spread of false information that might have swayed voters toward Trump.

Fear of increased regulation also hurt other social media firms yesterday. Shares of Snap Inc fell 2.5 percent and Twitter Inc fell more than 10 percent.

Foreign influence

US Senator Dianne Feinstein, the top Democrat on the Judiciary Committee, yesterday called for Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg to testify in Congress. Congressional staff said the company would brief US Senate and House aides on today.

A Congressional official said House Intelligence Committee Democrats plan to interview Cambridge Analytica whistleblower Christopher Wylie. The committee interviewed Nix by video teleconference, according to the congressional official, but a transcript of that interview has not yet been made public.

The Senate Intelligence Committee, which is conducting a long-term investigation of alleged Russian interference in US politics and a detailed examination of US election security precautions, would carry out its own inquiry of Cambridge Analytica, a congressional official with direct knowledge of the investigation said.

The White House said it welcomed inquiries, and that the president believes that Americans' privacy should be protected.

Personal information

In Britain, the Information Commissioner's Office, an independent authority set up to uphold information rights in the public interest, was seeking a warrant from a judge to search the offices of London-based Cambridge Analytica. It was unclear as of last night whether it had obtained it.

Created in 2013, Cambridge Analytica markets itself as a source of consumer research, targeted advertising and other data-related services to both political and corporate clients.

According to the New York Times, it was launched with US$15 million (RM58.85 million) in backing from billionaire Republican donor Robert Mercer and a name chosen by the-then future Trump White House adviser Steve Bannon.

Facebook says the data were harvested by a British academician, Aleksandr Kogan, who created an app on the platform that was downloaded by 270,000 people, providing access not only to their own personal data but also that of their friends.

Facebook said Kogan then violated its policies by passing the data to Cambridge Analytica.

Facebook has since suspended both the consulting firm and SCL (Strategic Communication Laboratories), a government and military contractor.

Facebook said it had been told that the data were destroyed. Kogan was not immediately reachable for comment.

Cambridge Analytica has denied all the media claims and said it deleted the data after learning the information did not adhere to data protection rules.

- Reuters