The Federal Reserve (Fed) hiked interest rates for the first time in nearly a decade on Wednesday, signalling faith that the US economy had largely overcome the wounds of the 2007-2009 financial crisis.
The US central bank’s policy-setting committee raised the range of its benchmark interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point to between 0.25 percent and 0.5 percent, ending a lengthy debate about whether the economy was strong enough to withstand higher borrowing costs.
“The committee judges that there has been considerable improvement in labour market conditions this year, and it is reasonably confident that inflation will rise over the medium term to its two percent objective,” the Fed said in its policy statement, which was adopted unanimously.
The Fed made clear that the rate hike was a tentative beginning to a “gradual” tightening cycle, and that in deciding its next move it would put a premium on monitoring inflation, which remains mired below target.
“In light of the current shortfall of inflation from two percent, the committee will carefully monitor actual and expected progress towards its inflation goal. The committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant only gradual increases in the federal funds rate,” the Fed said.
New economic projections from Fed policymakers were largely unchanged from September, with unemployment anticipated to fall to 4.7 percent next year and economic growth at 2.4 percent.
The statement and its promise of a gradual path represents a compromise between those who have been ready to raise rates for months and those who feel the economy is still at risk.
The median projected target interest rate for 2016 remains 1.375 percent, implying four-quarter-point rate hikes next year.
To edge that rate from its current near-zero level to between 0.25 percent and 0.5 percent, the Fed said it would set the interest it pays banks on excess reserves at 0.5 percent, and said it would offer up to US$2 trillion (RM8.6 trillion) in reverse repurchase agreements, an aggressive figure that shows its resolve to pull rates higher.
Financial markets had expected the rate hike, bolstered by recent US data showing job growth continuing at a strong pace.
A Dec 9 Reuters poll showed the likelihood of a hike on Wednesday was 90 percent, with economists forecasting the federal funds rate to be 1 percent to 1.25 percent by the end of 2016 and 2.25 percent by the end of 2017.
Test of new financial tools
The rate hike sets off an immediate test of new financial tools designed by the New York Fed for just this occasion, as well as a likely reshuffling of global capital as the reality of rising US rates sets in.
The impact on business and household borrowing costs is unclear. One of the issues policymakers will watch closely in coming days is how long-term mortgage rates, consumer loans and other forms of credit react to a rate hike meant not to slow an economic recovery but nurse monetary policy back to a more normal footing.
The Fed emphasised it would move gingerly into its tightening cycle. That was enough to produce a unanimous vote on the policy-setting Federal Open Market Committee, as even members who had argued publicly for delaying a rate hike delay went along with Fed chair Janet Yellen and other policymakers.
Yellen is scheduled to hold a press conference at 2.30pm EST (1930 GMT).
- Reuters