EXCLUSIVE Malaysia saw a whopping RM150 billion (US$47 billion) in illicit money siphoned out of the country in 2009, making it the top four countries suffering the highest illicit capital flight.
This amount is in addition to the staggering loss of RM927 billion (US$291 billion) over a period of nine years - between 2000 and 2008 - says the latest report by Washington-based financial watchdog Global Financial Integrity (GFI).
In January, GFI sparked an uproar when its
ground-breaking report
, ‘Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries', ranked Malaysia at No 5 among the countries with massive outflow of illicit capital.
In an update to its earlier report - this time supplemented by figures from 2009 - GFI said Malaysia, which has suffered a cumulative lost of RM1,077 billion (US$338 billion) over the past decade, maintains its No 5 spot.
The rankings of the top four countries remain relatively the same - China (with a loss of US$2,500 billion) is ranked No 1, followed by Mexico (US$453 billion), Russia (US$427 billion) and Saudi Arabia (US$366 billion).
The latest GFI report, ‘Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries Over the Decade Ending 2009', is penned by economists Sarah Freitas and Dev Kar (
right
), who is a former senior economist at the International Monetary Fund.
Bribery, theft, kickbacks, tax evasion
According to the authors, the estimates are based on balance of payments, bilateral trade and external debt data reported by member countries to the IMF and the World Bank.
"Unrecorded capital leakages through the balance of payments capture illicit transfers of the proceeds of bribery, theft, kickbacks and tax evasion," says the report.
Asia accounted for almost half the global share of illicit financial outflows (45 percent), driven largely by China and Malaysia.
However, GFI found that there was a dip in illicit capital outflows in 2009, but this was attributed to the global financial crisis instead of systematic improvements in governance or economic reform in these countries.
"This is a breathtakingly large sum at a time when developing and
developed countries alike are struggling to make ends meet," said GFI
director Raymond Baker.
"This report should be a wake-up call to world
leaders that more must be done to address these harmful outflows."
GFI pointed out that the financial flows from Malaysia have more than tripled from US$22.2 billion (RM71 billion) in 2000 to US$68.2 billion (RM218 billion) in 2008.
"This growth rate, seen in few Asian countries, may be a result of significant governance issues affecting both public and private sectors," it lamented.
Bank Negara launches probe, but...
Following the release of the report in January, Prime Minister Najib Razak, who is also the finance minister, pushed the ball to Bank Negara's court , saying that it would provide an explanation on the findings.
"There can be many reasons, but let Bank Negara provide more specific comments on that," Najib told journalists when quizzed about the matter.
Soon after, Deputy Finance Minister Donald Lim announced that Bank Negara has launched a probe .
But to date, Bank Negara has yet to announce the result of its investigations nor explain the massive illicit capital flight, despite offers of help from top GFI economists.
However, Deputy International Trade and Industry Minister Mukhriz Mahathir
(left)
has dismissed GFI claims as
"bizarre"
.
"We do not see the need to look into it. If you go through the report, they have made quite a few bizarre claims against several countries," Mukhriz said.
"Going by Bank Negara's figures, we know how much exactly is going out, so you can hardly consider those figures (from GFI) as factual."
Increase transparency
According to GFI, increasing transparency in the global financial system will help reduce the outflow of illicit money from developing countries.
It recommends the following measures:
- Curtail trade mispricing.
- Require country-by-country reporting of sales, profits and taxes paid by multinational corporations.
- Require confirmation of beneficial ownership in all banking and securities accounts.
- Require automatic cross-border exchange of tax information on personal and business accounts.
- Harmonise predicate offenses under anti-money laundering laws across all Financial Action Task Force cooperating countries.
Capital flight: Errors and omissions
Earlier reports
Capital flight: Ball in Bank Negara's court
Najib: Bank Negara to comment on illicit outflow
Anwar: Impossible to hide RM208b in illicit outflows
Weak ringgit due to massive illicit outflows
Donald Lim: Illicit fund outflows probe launched
Call for multi-agency probe into capital flight
Mukhriz dismisses GFI claims as 'bizarre'
